What is closely spaced tees?
Primary-secondary piping systems call for the tees that go off to the secondary circuit to be close together, ideally not more than six inches apart.
What is a hydraulic separation?
In essence, that is what hydraulic separation is: The ability of two or more circulators within the same piping system to simultaneously operate without interfering with each other. Properly designed and installed primary/secondary piping can achieve hydraulic separation between all circulators.
What is the maximum spacing recommended for the closely spaced tees on a primary secondary system?
It is VERY important that the closely spaced tees be no further apart than 4 times the diameter of whatever size pipe constitutes the primary/secondary loop, and it is equally important that the length of the straight pipes extending from the closely spaced tees be at least 6 times that same pipe diameter.
What is P’s piping?
Primary/ secondary piping is a versatile piping method that’s increasingly being used as the backbone of modern multi-load/multi-temperature hydronic systems. The concept of primary/secondary (P/S) piping has been around since the mid 1950s.
Why use close coupled tees?
Closely spaced tees are easier to insulate and cheaper to buy (can’t argue with that) but they don’t necessarily save installation labor compared to hydraulic separators. A system with closely spaced tees still requires air and dirt removal devices.
What is the maximum spacing recommended for the closely spaced tees on a primary-secondary system?
What is Tee’s law?
The Tee Law simply states that what goes in the opening(s) of the tee must come out the remaining opening(s). In other words, if you’ve got 150 GPM going into the tee, you’re going to have 150 GPM exiting the tee.
What is the 3 tee rule?
The “3 Tee Rule” can be summarised as follows: Never connect a flow to a radiator or a return from a radiator into the pipework between the boiler and the Tees feeding the cylinder. If this advice is ignored, then reverse circulation will occur.
What is a primary flow pipe?
The coil, or “heat exchanger” forms part of the central heating circuit, and its water heating abilities are purely a by-product of its main function, which is to heat the radiators. This heating is called the “primary” circuit, the pipes running to and from the boiler are called the primary flow and return.
What is primary pipe?
The primary piping elements include steel pipes, connecting elements (flanges, pipe bends, pipe elbows, tees), stop and shut-off-and-regulating valves (slide gates and valves), drain devices, expansion joints, supporting structures and parts, hangers and fastening elements, thermal insulation.
How do you pipe a low loss header?
We recommend installing your low loss header vertically as – at this orientation – they can help collect sludge from the system. Due to the low flow velocity through the low loss header, the debris from the system has time to fall to the bottom of the header and is trapped for safe removal via a drain valve.
How do close coupled tees work?
The close proximity of the tees means the pressure loss between them is so low that you can create two separate hydraulic circuits that will work independently and inflict minimal flow on one another. This is the same principle as a low loss header and where a low loss Header gets its name. More on close-coupled tees.
What is reverse circulation plumbing?
If reverse circulation is occurring, then the hot water entering the radiator at one end will literally turn around and go back down the pipe being replaced by the cold water already in the radiator. The opposite end, which was cold will, at the same time, become hot.
What is S and Y plan?
S and Y plans have been designed to give you close control of your central heating system, ensuring that your heated water is diverted to the correct areas. S and Y plans are also a way to ensure that your boiler interlock works.
What are piping elements?
What is the point of low loss headers?
The purpose of a low loss header is to enable hydraulic separation between the boiler & heating circuit. The low loss header helps to improve the performance & efficiency of the heating system. Furthermore, it helps regulate the system’s flow rate & pressure.
What does RC drilling mean?
Reverse Circulation
Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling is one of the three main types of mineral exploration techniques offered by Ranger. Used to compile sample rock cuttings, the drilling process relies on hollow inner tubes to transport samples back to the surface in a continuous flow, using compressed air.
Why closely spaced Tees?
Why closely spaced tees? Primary-secondary piping systems call for the tees that go off to the secondary circuit to be close together, ideally not more than six inches apart. Think like water and you’ll see why this is.
What is the pressure difference between two closely spaced Tees?
Two closely spaced openings through this wall in effect represent two closely spaced tees. Because the openings are so close together, there is almost no pressure difference between them. Thus the pressure differential across the internal headers on the right side (from supply to return) is close to zero.
How far apart should the Tees be on a secondary circuit?
Primary-secondary piping systems call for the tees that go off to the secondary circuit to be close together, ideally not more than six inches apart. Think like water and you’ll see why this is.