What are the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia?
Differential diagnosis of pancytopenia in an adult. An adult differential checklist for Pancytopenia will also take into account Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria which may have symptoms of previous venous thrombosis, fatigue, intermittent abdominal pain, dark urine, blood in stool and pancytopenia.
Which diagnostic test confirms pancytopenia?
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy can be done if no specific etiology is found to evaluate the status of the bone marrow stem cells. Bone marrow aspiration establishes the diagnosis for pancytopenia in 75% of cases.
What infections can cause pancytopenia?
If you have pancytopenia, you have a combination of three different blood diseases: anemia, or low level of red blood cells. leukopenia, or low level of white blood cells….viral infections, such as:
- Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis.
- cytomegalovirus.
- HIV.
- hepatitis.
- malaria.
- sepsis (a blood infection)
What is the difference between aplastic anemia and pancytopenia?
Aplastic anemia is defined as pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow in the absence of an abnormal infiltrate and with no increase in reticulin. Dr. Paul Ehrlich, who treated a young woman who died following an illness characterized by bleeding, severe anemia, and high fevers, first described the term in 1888.
Does AML cause pancytopenia?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are both on the differential of pancytopenia despite the fact they will usually present with leukocytosis. Aleukemic variants, where the leukemic blasts are confined to the marrow, and pancytopenia are seen.
What toxin causes pancytopenia?
Early investigations found that the products may contain high levels of mycotoxins – mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by fungi. Two in particular, T2 and HT2 toxins, can cause pancytopenia.
What bacteria causes pancytopenia?
Sepsis, tuberculosis, or fungal infection can cause pancytopenia. HIV infection can also result in pancytopenia from the infection itself, superimposed infections, or medications used to treat the infection.
What are the differential diagnosis of aplastic Anaemia?
The three conditions most commonly included in the differential diagnosis of aplastic anemia are inherited marrow-failure syndromes, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
What is the difference between aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome?
The main difference between the two disorders is that in aplastic anemia the major problem is almost complete absence of any blood-producing cells in the marrow while in MDS the marrow contains cells but they are defective and abnormal.
Which leukemia presents with pancytopenia?
Can a acute leukemia cause pancytopenia?
Pancytopenia is the reduction in the number of all 3 major cellular elements of blood and as a result it leads to anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (1, 2). A wide variety of etiologies result in pancytopenia including aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, leukemia, etc.
How is pancytopenia blood treated?
For pancytopenia itself, treatments include the following:
- Drugs that suppress the immune system (if the immune system is thought to be attacking the bone marrow)
- Drugs that stimulate bone marrow.
- Bone marrow transplant.
- Blood transfusions.
- Stem cell transplant.
- Watchful monitoring (for mild cases)
What are the two types of aplastic anemia?
There are two types of aplastic anemia:
- Inherited aplastic anemia occurs because of a random gene mutation. It is most common in children and younger adults.
- Acquired aplastic anemia occurs because of an immune system problem. It is most common in older adults, but can occur in younger adults.
Does aplastic anemia cause pancytopenia?
Individuals with aplastic anemia do not have enough stem cells to produce mature blood cells. The bone marrow appears to be replaced by fat. Affected individuals eventually develop a deficiency of red and white blood cells and platelets (pancytopenia).
Why does pancytopenia cause AML?
Pancytopenia can result from aplastic anemia (reduction in hematopoietic stem cell production) or it may arise from infection, infiltration of bone marrow, immune-mediated damage or hypersplenism in which normal cells trapped in hypertrophied and overactive reticuloendothelial system (1, 6).