What is the function of Postzygapophysis?
It gives the body firmness by attaching itself with the two post-zygapophysis of the vertebra in front. g. Postzygapophysis: The two down looking spoon like folds that come outfrom the back of every neural arch are called posti-zygapophyss. They remain attached with the pre-zygapophyses of the posterior vertebra.
What is the function of articular processes?
The functional significance of the articular processes is obviously to limit rotation, which can take place in the lumbar segment of the vertebral column during any asymmetrical movement of the body.
What is the function of vertebral opening?
Thirty-one pairs of nerves branch out through vertebral openings (the neural foramen). These nerves carry messages between the brain and muscles. Soft tissues: Ligaments connect the vertebrae to hold the spine in position. Muscles support the back and help you move.
What is the function of spinous process?
The spinous processes throughout the spine function as a series of levers both for muscles of posture and for muscles of active movement (Standring et al., 2008). Most of the muscles that attach to the spinous processes act to extend the vertebral column.
What joint is between articular processes?
facet joints
Also known as the zygapophyseal or apophyseal joint, is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment.
What is the main function of the facet joints?
Facet joints are synovial joints. The joint surfaces are coated with cartilage allowing joints to move or glide smoothly (articulate) against each other. These joints allow flexion (bend forward), extension (bend backward), and twisting motion. Certain types of movement are restricted.
What is the function of the costal facets on thoracic vertebrae?
The body also has small, smooth, and somewhat concave costal facets for the attachment of the ribs. Ribs are generally inserted between two vertebrae, such that each vertebra contributes to articulating with half of the articular surface.
What is the function of the vertebral foramen?
Superior view. Lumbar, Cervical The vertebral foramen is of functional importance since it provides for the passage of the spinal cord and the meninges.
What is the function of the spinous and transverse process?
The spinous process serves to attach muscles and ligaments. The two transverse processes, one on each side of the vertebral body, project laterally from either side at the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes.
What are spinous process made of?
Along with the articulating processes from the adjacent levels, these articulating processes form the facet joints. Spinous process: The spinous process is a piece of bone that comes off the back of the lamina at every level. It provides an attachment for muscles.
What does the foramen transversarium allow to pass through?
Description. The transverse processes are each pierced by the foramen transversarium,which, in the upper six vertebræ, gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a plexus of sympathetic nerves.
What is the difference between articular facet and articular process?
The articular processes or zygapophyses (Greek ζυγον = “yoke” (because it links two vertebrae) + απο = “away” + φυσις = “process”) of a vertebra are projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the articular facet.
What is the function of facet joints?
Small joints located between and behind adjacent vertebrae. There are two facet joints at each level of the vertebral column, providing stability to the spinal column while allowing movement. They are found at every spinal level, except at the top level of the cervical spine.
What are the facet joints in the spine?
Facet joints are pairs of small joints in between the vertebrae in the back of the spine. These joints have opposing surfaces of cartilage, which limits friction between the bones. The joint is surrounded by a capsule filled with a small amount of synovial fluid.
What nerve Innervates the facet joints?
The facet joints of T1–T2 are innervated by the medial branches of C8 and T1. This pattern continues in the lumbar spine. Of note, the anatomy of the L5–S1 facet joint differs from its lumbar counterparts. It is innervated by the medial branch of L4 and the dorsal ramus of L5.
What is the purpose of costal facets?
The superior costal facet joins the rib to the top of a vertebra. The transverse costal facet joins the rib to the transverse process of a vertebra, and the inferior costal facet joins the rib to the lower part of the vertebra. The joints formed are known as the costovertebral joints.
What is the height from the base of the postzygapophysis?
the height from the base of the postzygapophysis is greater than half the length of the neural arch).
What is a zygapophysial projection?
one of the bilateral small flat projections on the surfaces of the arches of the vertebrae, at the point where the pedicles and laminae join, forming the zygapophysial joint surfaces. One of two usually paired processes of the neural arch of a vertebra that articulates with corresponding parts of adjacent vertebrae.
What are anterior and posterior zygapophyses?
any facets of vertebrae that articulate with each other-usually two anterior zygapophyses which articulate with two posterior zygapophyses of the vertebra. See VERTEBRAL COLUMN and Fig. 314.
Is there a blunt accessory process between epipophysis and postzygapophysis?
A similar blunt accessory process between the epipophysis and postzygapophysis is also present in Iguanodon (Norman, 1980) and Mantellisaurus (Norman, 1986, 1987), and poorly defined in Ouranosaurus (Taquet, 1976), whereas it is absent in Camptosaurus (Gilmore, 1909), Jinzhousaurus (Wang et al., 2011), Bactrosaurus.