How DNA is damaged?
DNA can be damaged via environmental factors as well. Environmental agents such as UV light, ionizing radiation, and genotoxic chemicals. Replication forks can be stalled due to damaged DNA and double strand breaks are also a form of DNA damage.
What are some cool chemical names?
Name based on shape
| Barrelene | C8H8, the name derives from the resemblance to a barrel. |
|---|---|
| Olympicene | Refers to the fused 5-benzene rings (C19H12), which is reminiscent of the Olympic Flag. |
| Penguinone | 3,4,4,5-tetramethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone; a two-dimensional representation of its structure resembles a penguin. |
Why do RNA viruses and retroviruses have such high rates of mutation quizlet?
What is one reason that RNA viruses and retroviruses have such a high rate of mutation? because RNA is more fragile than DNA and because viral polymerases lack a proofreading mechanism. Movable DNA sequences that can “jump” from one spot in the genome to another are called transposable elements.
What is double base alteration?
Two-base alterations- pyrimidines diamer. Chain breaks- ionizing radiation. Cross-linkages- between bases. Spontaneous deamination of some bases may occur. For example, cytosine may get deaminated to form uracil spontaneously; adenine, forms hypoxanthine.
Which of the following types of diseases is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
An abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia chromosome is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
What is the cutest molecule?
The IUPACInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (official) name for this molecule, 3,4,4,5-tetramethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone, belies the charming appearance of its chemical structure.
What should I name my chemistry group chat?
Geeky Team Names: Chemistry
- So Basic.
- Ironic Bonds.
- Solution Squad.
- We’ve Got Chemistry.
- I’m Bond. Hydrogen Bond.
- Elemental, My Dear Watson.
- Triple Bonds.
- pHirst.
How do most cancers arise quizlet?
Somatic mutations are important to the evolutionary process; most cancers result from somatic mutations. A form of cell division that includes only one round of DNA replication but two rounds of nuclear division; meiotic cell division makes sexual reproduction possible.
Which type of repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function quizlet?
In mismatch repair, the sugar phosphate backbone is fixed, whereas in nucleotide excision repair, several nucleotides are replaced. Which type of repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function? uses an undamaged segment of DNA as the template to repair a damaged segment of DNA.
What is single base alteration?
Single base change: A change in which a single base in the DNA differs from the usual base at that position. These single base changes are also called SNPs or “snips.” Millions of SNP’s have been cataloged in the human genome. Some SNPs such that which causes sickle cell are responsible for disease.
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has a lower frequency than infrared radiation quizlet?
**All electromagnetic radiation travels at a constant speed of light. Radio photons have less energy than infrared photons, a LONGER wavelength, and a lower frequency.
What is the main enzyme that plays a major role in formation of thymine dimer?
DNA photolyase
5. What is the main enzyme that plays a major role in formation of thymine dimer? Explanation: In photoreactivation DNA photolyase captures energy from light and uses it to break the covalent bond linking the adjacent pyrimidines. In this process the damaged bases are mended directly.
How does the BCR ABL protein promote the development of CML?
The swapping of DNA between the chromosomes leads to the formation of a new gene (an oncogene) called BCR-ABL. This gene then produces the BCR-ABL protein, which is the type of protein called a tyrosine kinase. This protein causes CML cells to grow and divide out of control.
What are some examples of polyaromatic hydrocarbons?
A polyaromatic hydrocarbon may have rings of various sizes, including some that are not aromatic. Those that have only six-membered rings are said to be alternant. The following are examples of PAHs that vary in the number and arrangement of their rings: Examples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Naphthalene.
What is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)?
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a hydrocarbon—a chemical compound containing only carbon and hydrogen—that is composed of multiple aromatic rings. The group is a major subset of the aromatic hydrocarbons. The simplest of such chemicals are naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene
What are aromatic hydrocarbons give an example?
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons These are the hydrocarbons which comprise of aromatic rings in fused form. One common example of these polycyclic hydrocarbons is naphthalene. Some of the examples of aromatic hydrocarbons are Methylbenzene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Trinitrotoluene, and o-dihydroxybenzene.
Are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a starting material for abiotic synthesis?
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life. By definition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have multiple cycles, precluding benzene from being considered a PAH.