What are the properties of drilling mud?
Drilling muds have four basic properties that determine the behavior of the mud as a drilling fluid – viscosity, density, gel strength and filtration.
Why bentonite is used in drilling?
The most common use of bentonite is in drilling fluids. The bentonite in the flush fluid lubricates and cools the cutting tools while protecting against corrosion. As the drilling fluid generates hydrostatic pressure in the borehole, it hinders fluid and gas penetration.
What is lignosulfonate in drilling fluids?
1. n. [Drilling Fluids] A highly anionic polymer used to deflocculate clay-based muds. Lignosulfonate is a byproduct of the sulfite method for manufacturing paper from wood pulp. Sometimes it is called sulfonated lignin.
What is flocculation in drilling fluids?
Flocculation of drilling fluids occurs when clay, polymer additives and charged particles attach together to form a visible clump. When mechanical agitation is stopped, the dispersed clay particles form flocs because of the forces of attraction between negative and positive particle edges.
What is viscosity in drilling mud?
Viscosity describes a substance’s resistance to flow. High-viscosity drilling mud is typically described as “thick,” while low-viscosity mud is characterized as “thin”. In the oilfield, the following terms are used to describe drilling fluid viscosity and rheological properties.
Why is viscosity important in drilling?
Viscosity is highly affected by the shear rate. Increasing the shear rate in high viscosity drilling muds improves the retention of the solids on the drilling mud and decreases the performance of high shear solid removal tools (e.g., shale shaker) [6].
What are the properties of bentonite?
Physical properties
- Strong colloidal properties.
- Swells in contact with water.
- Water absorption.
- High viscosity.
- High plasticity.
- Thixotropy.
What are floc particles?
Floc is a small, loosely aggregated mass of flocculent material suspended in or precipitated from a liquid. It consists of finely divided suspended particles in a larger, usually gelatinous particle, the result of physical attraction or adhesion to a coagulant compound.
What is gel strength in drilling mud?
Gel strength can be defined as a measure of the ability of a colloidal dispersion to develop and retain a gel form based on its resistance to shear. From: Drilling Engineering, 2021.
What is the viscosity of mud?
Marsh funnel viscosity is a direct indication of the overall viscosity of drilling mud. The standard Marsh funnel viscosity of water is approximately 26 s.
Why is a mud viscosity important?
The mud viscosity is another important property, as cuttings will settle to the bottom of the well if the viscosity is too low. Fluids that have shear thinning and elevated viscosities are efficient for wellbore cleaning.
What is the hardness of bentonite?
Physical and Chemical Properties
| CAS | 1302-78-9 |
|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 1.5-2.0 |
| Density | 2.0-2.7 g/ml |
What is the viscosity of bentonite?
Retention of bentonite slurry in excavations in clay, silt or sand should not present any problems provided the bentonite slurry has a minimum Marsh funnel viscosity of about 32 seconds (946 ml test volume).
What is bentonite formula?
Sodium bentonite | Al2H2Na2O13Si4 – PubChem.
What are flocs used for?
Flocs are masses of essential bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form a mesh-like structure. They are in a sludge structure. They help in increased aerobic decomposition as well as filament help in trapping particles when they are put in the secondary sewage tank.