Where does phthalocyanine come from?
In general, a crude copper phthalocyanine is produced by reacting phthalic anhydride, urea, copper/copper salt and ammonium molybdate (catalyst) in high-boiling solvent such as o-nitrotoluene, trichlorobenzene or alkyl benzenes.
Is phthalocyanine organic?
Phthalocyanine (H 2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C 8H 4N 2) 4H 2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity.
How does phthalocyanine work?
Phthalocyanines are effective absorbers of red light in the 650–700nm region where penetration of light into tissue is relatively efficient, and their triplet states interact with molecular oxygen generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen.
Is phthalocyanine toxic?
Among all of the compounds emerging upon ruby laser irradiation of copper phthalocyanine, HCN is of particular relevance due to its strong cellular toxicity. It has long been known as colorless, rapidly acting highly toxic gas (bp 26 °C)27,28.
What is Phthalo?
Phthalo pigments are a family of blue and green synthetic organic pigments based on variants of copper phthalocyanine, a deep blue compound produced by the reaction of phthalic anhydride, urea, copper and ammonia.
How do you make phthalocyanine?
Phthalocyanine blue is prepared by heating a mixture of phthalic anhydride, urea, and copper chloride. The product is first washed in dilute caustic soda and then in dilute hydrochloric acid.
Is a example of phthalocyanine dye?
The most widely used phthalocyanine dye is copper phthalocyanine (I), a blue pigment. The polymorphism of phthalocyanine dyes is important for their use: for example, (I) has α-, β-, and γ-modifications, which differ substantially in color and stability in organic solvents.
What is the molecular formula for phthalocyanine?
C32H18N8Phthalocyanine / Formula
Why is it called Phthalo Blue?
Phthalo – Phthalo is short for Phthalocyanine, which is a synthetic pigment of greenish-blue. Colors like Phthalo Blue and Phthalo Green are popular amongst artists for their intensity and tinting strength. Quinacridrone – The organic compound known as Quinacridrone is a red powder that is used as a pigment.
What is a substitute for Phthalo blue?
Ultramarine is the best alternative because that color is also a transparent pigment with a good tinting strength. Cobalt is transparent but has a weak tinting strength, and cerulean blue is only semitransparent, also with a weak tinting strength.
Does Phthalo blue have another name?
Phthalo Blue is also known as Winsor Blue, Monestrial Blue and other names. Its pigment name is, as always, most helpful. It is an highly transparent, high staining and non-granulating blue as the particle size is extremely small.
Is methylene blue an organic dye?
methylene blue, a bright greenish blue organic dye belonging to the phenothiazine family.
Is phthalocyanine blue the same as Phthalo blue?
Phthalo Blue is the short name for Phthalocyanine. It is an unusual case of the scientific name for a pigment gaining common usage and accepted by the public. The “Ph” at the beginning can look confusing to those new to the color, but it is silent so that the name is pronounced as “thalo”.
What colors do you mix to make Phthalo blue?
There is no exact color combination that is able to make phthalo blue due to it being a synthetically created, high chroma color.
What is the history of phthalocyanine?
In 1907, an unidentified blue compound, now known to be phthalocyanine, was reported. In 1927, Swiss researchers serendipitously discovered copper phthalocyanine, copper naphthalocyanine, and copper octamethylphthalocyanine in an attempted conversion of o -dibromobenzene into phthalonitrile.
What is Phthalocyanine H2Pc?
Phthalocyanine ( H2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C8H4N2)4H2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity. It is composed of four isoindole units linked by a ring of nitrogen atoms.
What are phthalocyanine pigments?
Phthalocyanine pigments proved to be outstanding organic pigments because of their incredible resistance to chemical attack, good fastness to heat and light, combined with brightness and cleanliness of shade – all the qualities sought by the colour industry.
What is the molecular formula of phthalocyanine?
Phthalocyanine PubChem CID 86280045 Structure Find Similar Structures Chemical Safety Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS Molecular Formula C32H18N8 Synonyms PHTHALOCYANINE 574-93-6 29H,31H-Phthaloc