What is pestivirus in cattle?
Pestivirus is a viral infection of cattle present in feedlots and beef and dairy herds in Australia. Lifelong carriers of the virus, including cases of mucosal disease, are a consequence of infection in early foetal life (usually before 100 days gestation).
What causes pestivirus?
Pestivirus (also known as BVDV) is caused by a virus. The virus is widespread in cattle herds worldwide, including Victoria. Herds become infected by contact with infected animals, especially with so-called “carrier” or “persistently infected” animals. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer can spread pestivirus.
Is BVDV a pestivirus?
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is related antigenically to CSFV. Replication occurs in lymphoid cells and may cause immunosuppression. It is one of the most important pathogenic viruses in cattle, causing considerable losses in the dairy and beef industries worldwide.
How do cattle get pestivirus?
Pestivirus is shed in all body secretions of a ‘carrier’ animal: saliva, tears, nasal discharges, milk, urine, semen and dung. Spread to other animals is by direct contact with the carrier animal or with its secretions.
What is porcine pestivirus?
The atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) belongs to the species Pestivirus K of the genus Pestivirus and the family Flaviviridae, and it has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets.
What are the symptoms of leptospirosis in cattle?
When leptospirosis associated with nonhost-adapted Lepto serovars occurs in calves, the result is high fever, anemia, red urine, jaundice, and sometimes death in three to five days. In older cattle, the initial symptoms such as fever and lethargy are often milder and usually go unnoticed.
What is Pi in cattle?
Cattle can be infected for their entire life and spread the disease to herd mates. These animals are referred to as persistently infected (PI). Tests are available to help identify these PI animals and remove them from the herd to prevent the spread of BVDV.
What is BDV in cattle?
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a disease of cattle caused by the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). The virus is widespread and most herds are at risk for infection. In the susceptible herd, BVD can be a serious, costly disease.
What causes classical swine fever?
Classical swine fever is caused by a small, enveloped RNA virus in the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus.
Can pigs get cholera?
Classical swine fever (CSF), also known as hog cholera, is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine.
What is the treatment for BVD in cattle?
There is no treatment to “cure” BVD. Persistently infected animals must be identified and culled. A closed herd or long term quarantine of newly purchased animals can prevent infections. Modified live virus and killed virus vaccines are available depending on the situation.
What is the best treatment for leptospirosis in cattle?
Treatment. Antibiotic treatment of milk-drop cases is recommended to reduce excretion of leptospires and zoonotic risk. A single intramuscular injection of streptomycin/ dihydrostrepomycin at 25mg/kg will eliminate infection from most cattle.
What’s IBR in cattle?
IBR is an acute, contagious respiratory disease of cattle caused by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), commonly affecting the respiratory tract and the reproductive system.
What does BVD stand for in cattle?
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a disease of cattle caused by the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). The virus is widespread and most herds are at risk for infection.
How is IBR treated in cattle?
There is no specific treatment for IBR, secondary bacterial infections can be managed with antibiotics and animals with a high fever treated with non steroidal anti-inflammatories. Preventative vaccination of the remaining herd members may aid in minimising disease spread.
What is a PI calf?
A PI, or persistently infected, calf is one that is born infected with BVD virus and is a lifelong carrier and shedder of the virus.
How is classical swine fever treated?
No treatment for CSF is available. Vaccination with highly effective vaccines is used where the disease is endemic to prevent CSFV expansion. Vaccination is not applied in countries free of the disease. Instead, rapid confirmation of suspected cases, followed by quarantine and depopulation of exposed herds is applied.
How common is Pestivirus in cattle?
Pestivirus is widespread throughout the Australian cattle population. About 70% of herds are actively infected with the virus. Infection of susceptible animals can cause a variety of diseases, some not apparent until well after the initial spread of the virus in a herd. This Primefact covers the following topics:
What is pestivirus and how does it spread?
The virus is spread by direct contact from transiently infected or persistently infected (PI) carrier animals, comprising about one per cent of the cattle population, to their herd mates. Cattle infected by pestivirus can develop ulcerations on their lips and noses which can strongly resemble foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).
What causes bovine virus diarrhoea?
Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) and Mucosal Disease (MD) are caused by a pestivirus. There are a number of different strains of pestivirus. Some of these viruses are aggressive (virulent), others are mild, but the mild strains are still an important factor in the development of MD.
What tests are used to confirm the presence of Pestivirus?
In cases of embryonic mortality or abortion this information may allow more selective investigation to confirm pestivirus involvement. Pericardial, pleural or peritoneal (in order of preference). For IgG test initially and for pestivirus antibody if the IgG level is elevated.