What are chemotherapeutic agents in microbiology?
Chemotherapeutic agents (synthetic antibiotics): antimicrobial agents of synthetic origin useful in the treatment of microbial or viral disease. Examples are sulfonilamides, isoniazid, ethambutol, AZT, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol.
What do you mean by chemotherapeutic agent?
Chemotherapeutic agents, also referred to as antineoplastic agents, are used to directly or indirectly inhibit the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cancer cells. They are classified according to their mechanism of action and include. alkylating agents. , antimetabolites.
What is the goal of chemotherapy microbiology?
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. This type of cancer treatment works by keeping cancer cells from growing, dividing, and making more cells.
What is the difference between antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agent?
ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS The term antibiotic strictly refers to substances that are of biological origin whereas the term chemotherapeutic agent refers to a synthetic chemical.
What is the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic agents?
Mechanisms: many chemotherapy drug resistance mechanisms include: efflux, inactivation of drug, alteration of drug targets, and cell death inhibition. A particular efflux pathway involves the tumor producing a substance known as p-glycoprotein, which essentially removes the drug from the tumor cell.
What are the classes of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics?
Depending on their characteristics and nature of treatment, chemotherapy agents can be categorized as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, antitumor antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, platinums, or plant alkaloids.
What are examples of chemotherapeutic agent?
Examples of alkylating agents include:
- Altretamine.
- Bendamustine.
- Busulfan.
- Carboplatin.
- Carmustine.
- Chlorambucil.
- Cisplatin.
- Cyclophosphamide.
What are chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics?
Abstract. In this chapter the word antibiotic refers to both synthetic compounds (antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents) and naturally produced agents (antibiotics). These substances have selective toxicity against many living agents pathogenic to man.
What is the concept of chemotherapy?
Listen to pronunciation. (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.
What are the characteristics of ideal chemotherapeutic agents?
Abstract. The ideal antimicrobial agent should he nontoxic to the host (selective toxicity), non-allergenic, soluble in body fluids, able to be maintained at therapeutic levels, have a low probability of eliciting resistance, long shelf life, and low cost.
What are two chemotherapeutic agents?
Cisplatin.
What are the types of chemotherapeutic agents?
Types of chemotherapy drugs
- Alkylating agents. This group of medicines works directly on DNA to keep the cell from reproducing itself.
- Nitrosoureas.
- Anti-metabolites.
- Plant alkaloids and natural products.
- Anti-tumor antibiotics.
- Hormonal agents.
- Biological response modifiers.
How are chemotherapeutic agents classified?
Cancer chemotherapy agents are classified according to their chemical nature and function. Some of the well known classes of cancer chemotherapy agents include alkylating agents, plant alkaloids, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, topoisomerase inhibitors and corticosteroids.
Who discovered chemotherapeutic agent?
Research to practice: How the first chemotherapeutic agents were identified. The effects of mustard gas on blood cells and bone marrow were first reported by Dr Eward Krumbhaar in 1919 after treating exposed patients in France [6].
What are examples of chemotherapeutic agents?
What is an example of chemotherapeutic drug?
Examples are Vincristine, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan.
What was the first chemotherapeutic agent?
When was the first chemotherapeutic drug used?
31, 1909: First Chemotherapy Drug Treats Syphilis. 1909: After searching through hundreds of potential chemicals, a German immunologist discovers a compound that can selectively kill the parasitic spirochete that causes syphilis.
How do chemotherapeutic drugs work?
Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells by stopping them from growing and multiplying. If the cells can’t grow and multiply, they usually die. Some chemotherapy drugs work during a specific stage of the cell cycle.
Who is the father of chemotherapy?
Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich: Nobel laureate and father of modern chemotherapy.