What gene makes bacteria resistant to kanamycin?
Kanamycin is used in molecular biology as a selective agent most commonly to isolate bacteria (e.g., E. coli) which have taken up genes (e.g., of plasmids) coupled to a gene coding for kanamycin resistance (primarily Neomycin phosphotransferase II [NPT II/Neo]).
What is the enzyme encoded by the kanamycin resistance gene?
The product of a kanamycin resistance gene encoded by plasmid pTB913 isolated from a thermophilic bacillus was identified as a kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase which is similar to that encoded by plasmid pUB110 from a mesophile, Staphylococcus aureus.
What is the mechanism of action of kanamycin?
Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
How long is kanamycin resistance gene?
The presumed open reading frame of the aphA-7 structural gene was 753 bp in length and encoded a protein of 251 amino acids with a calculated weight of 29,691 Da.
What is the mode of action of kanamycin?
What are antibiotic resistance genes in the plasmid?
Antibiotic resistance genes are often located on plasmids or transposons and can be transferred from cell to cell by conjugation, transformation, or transduction. This gene exchange allows the resistance to rapidly spread throughout a population of bacteria and among different species of bacteria.
What is kanamycin target?
Kanamycin A belongs to the family of aminoglycoside antibiotics that target cellular RNA to inhibit bacterial and viral replication.
How does kanamycin inhibit cell growth?
kanamycin binds the decoding region at the 3′ end of rRNA which may prevent tRNA from binding to the ribosomal A site [5]. This results in inhibition of protein translation by preventing protein elongation.
How long is kanamycin stable in media?
Kanamycin is light sensitive. Keep tightly closed in light-resistant containers. “Solutions are stable at 37°C for approximately 5 days. Aqueous stock solutions can be stored at 2-8°C for long term storage”, Sigma.
What antibiotic resistant genes are in pBR322?
The plasmid pBR322 contains two antibiotic resistance genes for ampicillin and tetracycline.
How do antibiotic resistance genes work?
Once a resistance gene is picked up and added to a bacterium’s DNA, the bacterium can dominate other bacteria, and pass the resistance gene on to all of its descendants. Resistance is magnified because bacteria multiply rapidly.
What temperature is kanamycin degrade?
Kanamycin activity is stable at ph 7.3 and 72 degrees C. The half-life (t1/2) at pH 7.3 and 72 degrees C ranged from 3.3 h (k = 7.26 day-1, where k [degradation constant] = 1/t1/2) for ampicillin to no detectable loss of activity for kanamycin, neomycin, and other antibiotics.
What are the two antibiotic resistance genes?
What are antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids?
Plasmids are small DNA circles outside the bacterial chromosome. Several antibiotic resistance genes can be present on the same plasmid. In this example, they are called res A, res B and res C. Res A gives resistance to antibiotic A, res B to antibiotic B and so on.
How is antibiotic resistance created?
Antibiotic resistance is accelerated when the presence of antibiotics pressure bacteria and fungi to adapt. Antibiotics and antifungals kill some germs that cause infections, but they also kill helpful germs that protect our body from infection. The antibiotic-resistant germs survive and multiply.