What is the Palm-Coein?

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Since there are so many causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding, your doctor will use a framework called “PALM-COEIN” to help determine the cause of your HMB. PALM-COEIN stands for polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not-yet-classified.

What is the full form of AUB?

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. Bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual and occur often or randomly. AUB can occur: As spotting or bleeding between your periods. After sex.

What causes AUB?

AUB can be caused by structural uterine pathology (eg, fibroids, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, neoplasia) or nonuterine causes (eg, ovulatory dysfunction, disorders of hemostasis, medications) (table 1). The terminology of AUB and evaluation of nonpregnant reproductive-age patients with AUB will be reviewed here.

How common is AUB?

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a significant clinical entity. AUB and its sub group, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), are common conditions affecting 14–25% of women of reproductive age [1], [2] and may have a significant impact on their physical, social, emotional and material quality of life [3].

What is the difference between AUB and dub?

This abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) may have various causes, some of them benign. But when AUB is related to changes in hormones that directly affect the menstruation cycle, the condition is called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).

What is iatrogenic AUB?

DEFINITION. Abnormal uterine bleeding caused by medical interventions or devices (such as the Copper intrauterine device) or medicines that impact the endometrium, influence ovulation or interfere with clotting mechanisms1.

What is difference between DUB and AUB?

Also called abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), DUB is a condition that causes vaginal bleeding to occur outside of the regular menstrual cycle. Certain hormonal conditions and medications may also trigger DUB.

What is difference between dub and AUB?

How is AUB diagnosed?

Diagnosis of AUB

Exclusion of other causes of abnormal bleeding.
A complete blood count.
A pregnancy test.
Measurement of hormone levels.
Usually transvaginal ultrasonography and an endometrial biopsy.
Often sonohysterography and/or hysteroscopy.

How do you treat AUB?

Hormonal management is considered the first line of medical therapy for patients with acute AUB without known or suspected bleeding disorders. Treatment options include IV conjugated equine estrogen, combined oral contraceptives (OCs), and oral progestins.

What are the types of DUB?

There are two types of DUB: ovulatory and anovulatory. Ovulatory DUB accounts for about 80% of cases. In ovulatory DUB the menstruation is regular, preceded by ovula- tion and heavy but of normal duration. It is most common in women in their 30s.

What is iatrogenic bleeding?

What do you mean by metrorrhagia?

Metrorrhagia is abnormal bleeding between regular menstrual periods. Few data exist on the prevalence of metrorrhagia in adolescents. Common causes of metrorrhagia include pregnancy, use of certain contraceptives (especially Depo-Provera) and intrauterine devices, and STIs.

Does endometriosis cause oligomenorrhea?

Women with endometriosis may also experience a wide variety of other symptoms including dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, gastrointestinal complaints, rectal bleeding with significant bowel involvement, menstrual dysfunction such as oligomenorrhea or hypermenorrhea, low back pain and infertility (Chopin et …

How is Palm Coein diagnosed?

PALM-COEIN consists of two parts. The ‘PALM’ categories describe structural causes, which can be diagnosed by imaging and/or histopathological evaluation. The categories are: Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, and Malignancy and hyperplasia. The ‘COEIN’ categories describe non-structural causes.

What is DUB uterus?

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is an abnormal genital tract bleeding based in the uterus and found in the absence of demonstrable structural or organic pathology. It is usually due to hormonal disturbances.

What is DUB in gynae?

How can you prevent iatrogenic anemia?

A simple change in phlebotomy practice – switching from conventional to low-volume sample blood tubes – results in a 42 % reduction in patient blood loss, and consequent reduced risk of iatrogenic anemia.

What does PALM COEIN mean in medical terms?

PALM-COEIN: Classification of the Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in non-pregnant women of reproductive age. FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Not yet classified. “There are 9 main categories, which are arranged according to the acronym PALM-COEIN.

What is the PALM-COEIN classification system?

The group developed a classification system – PALM-COEIN – which can be used to describe both structural and non-structural causes of AUB. What is included in the PALM-COEIN classification?

What is the difference between Palm and COEIN in endometriosis?

In general, the components of the PALM group are discrete (structural) entities that can be measured visually with imaging techniques and/or histopathology, whereas the COEIN group is related to entities that are not defined by imaging or histopathology (non-structural).” What is the difference between adenomyosis and endometriosis?

What is the FMDG’s PALM-COEIN?

As a consequence, both clinical management and research on this common problem have been negatively impacted. In 2011, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Menstrual Disorders Group (FMDG) published PALM-COEIN, a new classification system for abnormal bleeding in the reproductive years.