How do you identify Moraxella?
Moraxella species are usually catalase and oxidase positive and do not produce acid from carbohydrates. Nitrate may or may not be reduced. Common characteristics of the Moraxella genus include a lack of colony pigmentation; Gram negative staining coccobacillus and Bacillus morphology (except M.
Where is Moraxella Osloensis?
Moraxella osloensis is part of normal flora in the skin, mucus membranes and respiratory tract of humans.
How do you identify Moraxella catarrhalis?
Confirmation of the diagnosis of M catarrhalis infection is based on isolation of the organism in culture. Cultures can be taken from middle ear effusion, the nasopharynx, sputum, sinus aspirates, transtracheal or transbronchial aspirates, blood, peritoneal fluid, wounds, or urine.
How do you get Moraxella Osloensis?
The genus Moraxella consists of aerobic, oxidase-positive, and Gram-negative coccobacilli. Moraxella osloensis has been isolated from environmental sources in hospitals and from the normal human respiratory tract,1 and has been reported as a rare causative pathogen of infections in humans.
Is Moraxella Gram positive or negative?
gram-negative
Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, formerly called Neisseria catarrhalis or Micrococcus catarrhalis, is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract (124, 126; G.
Is Moraxella Gram-negative rod?
Moraxella organisms are small, gram-negative bacteria that grow well on blood or chocolate agar. They are catalase and oxidase positive.
Is Moraxella Osloensis pathogenic?
We discovered that M. osloensis alone is pathogenic to D. reticulatum after injection into the shell cavity or hemocoel of the slug. The bacteria from 60-h cultures were more pathogenic than the bacteria from 40-h cultures, as indicated by the higher and more rapid mortality of the slugs injected with the former.
Is Moraxella Gram-negative?
Members of the genus Moraxella are Gram-negative, aerobic, asaccharolytic bacteria that can be pleomorphic, resistant to Gram-stain decolorization, and occur predominantly in pairs or short chains.
What is the Gram stain of Moraxella catarrhalis?
Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, formerly called Neisseria catarrhalis or Micrococcus catarrhalis, is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract (124, 126; G.
Is Moraxella gram-negative rod?
Can Moraxella cause rash?
Most patients (ca. 70%) had an underlying disease (malignancy and/or neutropenia, underlying respiratory tract disorder), and an associated respiratory tract infection was identified in half of the patients. In children with bacteremia, skin lesions such as purpuric and petechial rash were frequent.
What Gram is Moraxella?
What is the Gram stain morphology of Moraxella catarrhalis?
M. catarrhalis is a large, kidney-shaped, Gram-negative diplococcus. It can be cultured on blood and chocolate agar plates after an aerobic incubation at 37 °C for 24 hours.
Is Moraxella oxidase positive or negative?
oxidase-positive bacterium
Moraxella is an oxidase-positive bacterium, sometimes mistaken for Neisseria, that may be isolated from eye infections and respiratory tract infections. M catarrhalis causes lower respiratory infection in adults with chronic lung disease and is a common cause of otitis media, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis in children.
Is Moraxella aerobic or anaerobic?
Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative obligate aerobe that is an important cause of human respiratory tract infections.
Is Moraxella oxidase-positive or negative?
Is Moraxella catarrhalis beta lactamase positive?
Antibiotic susceptibility testing conducted in this study revealed that all the M. catarrhalis isolates were beta-lactamase producers. Studies from Australia, Europe, and the United States have reported beta-lactamase production in over 90% of the similar isolates [14].
Is Moraxella serious?
While M. catarrhalis can be responsible for mild sinus and ear infections in children, it can be much more dangerous in people with a compromised immune system. M. catarrhalis usually stays in the respiratory tracts of adults who have illnesses like cystic fibrosis or an autoimmune disease.
What antibiotics treat Moraxella?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate, second- and third-generation oral cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are the most recommended agents. Alternatively, azithromycin or clarithromycin can be used.