How can classical conditioning be used in health?
Classical conditioning in therapies Exposure therapies are often used for anxiety disorders and phobias. The person is exposed to what they fear. Over time they’re conditioned to no longer fear it. Aversion therapy aims to stop a harmful behavior by replacing a positive response with a negative response.
What is an example of classical conditioning in biology?
In Pavlov’s experiment he demonstrated that using a bell sound (neutral stimulus) to call the dog for its food (unconditioned stimulus) for a couple of times will cause the dog to salivate every time he calls the dog using that bell sound (conditioned stimulus), with or without food (unconditioned stimulus).
How does classical conditioning affect drug tolerance?
There is a considerable amount of evidence that Pavlovian conditioning contributes to tolerance; Organisms learn to make responses that attenuate the effect of the drug in the presence of cues previously paired with the drug.
How can classical conditioning be used to quit smoking?
Classical conditioning suggests that when smoking repeatedly follows a neutral stimulus, conditioned responses should develop to that stimulus. Researchers Dr. Lazev and colleagues demonstrated that smoking cues can trigger cravings for tobacco, making quitting difficult and relapse more likely.
Which of the following is best example of classical conditioning?
Have you heard of Pavlov’s dogs? That’s the experiment conducted by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov wherein his dogs started to salivate when he rang a bell. This is the best-known example of classical conditioning, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned response.
What is classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives,5 while classical conditioning involves no such enticements.
What type of conditioning is smoking?
These stimuli can evoke responses, such as craving and drug seeking, which is known as second-order conditioning. For smokers, just the sight of a cigarette packet can evoke the feeling of wanting to smoke. But this isn’t restricted to smokers and drug addicts.
Is smoking an unconditioned stimulus?
All conditioning studies reported above used the smoking of an entire cigarette as unconditioned stimulus (US).
What are the drug interactions between nutrition and drugs?
Nutrient-Drug Interactions. They can alter metabolism of drugs; eg, high-protein diets can accelerate metabolism of certain drugs by stimulating cytochrome P-450. Eating grapefruit can inhibit cytochrome P-450 34A, slowing metabolism of some drugs (eg, amiodarone, carbamazepine, cyclosporine, certain calcium channel blockers).
What is a food-drug interaction?
A food-drug interaction is the effect of food or a nutrient in food on a medication. Dietary nutrients can affect medications by altering their absorption or metabolism. The food you eat could make the medications you take work faster, slower, or even prevent them from working at all.
How do medications affect the way my body uses nutrients in food?
Both prescription and over-the-counter medications can affect the way your body uses nutrients in food. In addition, certain foods or nutrients in food can affect the action of medications. A drug-nutrient interaction is the effect of a medication on food or a nutrient in food.
How can I prevent drug and nutrient interactions with multivitamins?
Multivitamin/mineral supplementation may help ensure adequacy; separating drug and nutrient supplementation by at least 4 hours would prevent any interaction. Cholestyramine may inhibit intestinal absorption of carotenoids. Separate drug and nutrient supplementation by at least 4 hours.