What are the steps to excavating a site?
Four Excavation Stages you should know
- Background Study. Determine the possibility of an archaeological site on the property by studying maps and historic records.
- Property Assessment/Field Survey.
- Site Specific Assessment.
- Mitigation.
What is the correct tool and method to excavate a site?
Most of the excavation work is done with a shovel, but whenever fragile artifacts are encountered, the hand trowel becomes the tool of choice.
What are the steps an archaeologist uses to excavate a site?
Archaeologists use trowels to scrape away thin layers of soil from test units, or holes in the ground. Of course, archaeologists use many other tools in the field and lab. They need equipment to dig, sift, measure, and analyze artifacts. Some, like Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) are very specialized.
What are the rules of excavation?
How is Excavation Done Safely?
- Inspect trenches daily before work begins.
- Check weather conditions before work, be mindful of rain and storms.
- Keep heavy equipment away from trench edges.
- Be mindful of the location of utilities underground.
- Always wear proper protective equipment.
- Don’t work beneath raised loads.
What is the first step in excavation?
Step 1: Context – Create a grid on the surface area of the site using a ruler, string, and stakes (to anchor string). Step 2: Dig – Be careful not to damage anything that is uncovered. At this time do not remove any artifacts or eco-facts. Begin by carefully brushing away soil from items.
What must be done before excavation?
What you should do before you begin an excavation?
- Identify the soil type(s) related to the excavation or trench you are going to dig.
- Look for the legislative requirements that apply in your jurisdiction and the type of protective measures to be taken.
- Locate all buried services.
What are the 7 steps of archaeology?
mapping, measuring, artifact collection, cleaning, sorting, counting and drawing of artifacts.
What is the safety of excavation?
Key points. Avoid underground services and make sure not to undermine nearby structures – use safe digging practice and dig away from them. Check the excavation each day before starting work and after any event that may affect its stability. Provide safe access to get in and out.
What is the safety code of excavation?
1 No person shall work in any excavation, shaft, or earthwork, unless all timbering and plant used therein are inspected by a competent person before work is started and also after explosives have been used in or near the excavation, shaft or earthwork.
What are the 3 types of excavation?
Task-Based Excavation
- Bridge Excavation. Whether you’re building arch, beam or suspension bridges, you need a strong foundation to build on.
- Borrow Excavation.
- Channel Excavation.
- Drainage Excavation.
- Dredge Excavation.
- Stripping.
- Earth Excavation.
- Muck Excavation.
How do you prepare for excavation?
Clearing the site – to prepare a site for excavation, the site must be cleared of trees and shrubs, and any previously existing structures above or below ground must be removed and carted away. In some cases, very little clearing is necessary, and in other cases, there’s a great deal of clearing to be done.
What is the first step in excavating a site?
The excavation process includes:
- setting corner benchmarks.
- surveying ground and top levels.
- excavation to the approved depth.
- dressing the loose soil.
- marking up the cut off level.
- the construction of dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches.
- marking the boundaries of the building.
- the construction of protection drains.
What types of materials are used in excavation?
Types of Soil Excavation Tools and Machines in Construction
- Spade.
- Shovel.
- Hoe.
- Trowel.
- Rake.
- Pick axe.
- Mattock.
How do you prepare for a dig?
Check into necessary vaccinations and have thorough physical and dental examinations. Identify your need for health and travel insurance. Some expeditions provide the former; you should know, however, what facilities will be available in the event that you require medical treatment.
What are the 3 phases of archaeological work?
Generally speaking, most archaeological field investigations are a three-step process. These processes are known as Phase I (Identification), Phase II (Evaluation) and Phase III (Mitigation/Data Recovery). The major components of each archaeological phase are addressed below.