What causes a hemorrhage on the optic disc?
Two primary hypotheses exist: mechanical and ischemic vascular. Proponents of the mechanical theory hypothesize that disc hemorrhages result from mechanical shearing at the lamina cribrosa or because of damage to the capillary network at the border of retinal nerve fiber layer defect enlargement.
What is Drance hemorrhage?
Drance hemorrhages are disc hemorrhages that lie within the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. During an 83-year-old woman’s annual eye examination, peripapillary retinal hemorrhages were detected immediately adjacent to the optic nerve head inferotemporally in the left eye.
What is Peripapillary hemorrhage?
Abstract. Background: Peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage (PSH) is often found together with optic disc drusen, optic disc edema, peripapillary subretinal neovascular membranes, vitreous traction, and bleeding diatheses.
Is retinal bleeding curable?
Retinal hemorrhages, especially mild ones not associated with chronic disease, will normally reabsorb without treatment. Laser surgery is a treatment option which uses a laser beam to seal off damaged blood vessels in the retina.
Does glaucoma cause vitreous hemorrhage?
Complications of nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage are hemosiderosis bulbi and glaucoma. Ghost cell glaucoma, hemolytic glaucoma, and hemosiderotic glaucoma may result from vitreous hemorrhage.
What is a Drance in the eye?
Disc hemorrhages that lie within the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer are known as Drance hemorrhages. They occur more often in patients with normal-tension glaucoma; one prospective study reported an incidence of 43% in these patients.
How serious is a hemorrhage in the eye?
A subconjunctival hemorrhage often occurs without any obvious harm to your eye. Even a strong sneeze or cough can cause a blood vessel to break in the eye. You don’t need to treat it. A subconjunctival hemorrhage may look alarming, but it’s usually a harmless condition that disappears within two weeks or so.
What is the treatment for vitreous haemorrhage?
Treatment for a vitreous haemorrhage depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases where the vitreous haemorrhage is quite mild no treatment is required and the eye will naturally heal itself. In more severe cases, and especially in the case of a retinal detachment, vitrectomy surgery may be required.
What are the effects of the intraocular hemorrhage?
Retinal and vitreous hemorrhage can lead to blurred vision, spots, lines, or streaks in the field of vision. The mechanisms contributing to these recurrent retinal hemorrhages in diabetic retinopathy and the potential effects of intraocular blood on the retina are not fully understood.
What is Peripapillary atrophy in eye?
Peripapillary atrophy (PPA) is a clinical finding associated with chorioretinal thinning and disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the area surrounding the optic disc. It is non-specific and can occur in both benign and pathologic conditions, including glaucoma 1 and high myopia 2.
How long does it take for retinal hemorrhage to heal?
In many cases, they resolve spontaneously in 2-3 months, although if the bleeding is not reabsorbed, it may require a surgery called vitrectomy.
What is another name for an optic disc hemorrhage?
Alternate names: optic disc hemorrhage, Drance hemorrhage, splinter hemorrhage, nerve fiber layer hemorrhage, optic nerve head hemorrhage. Disc hemorrhages are splinter or flame-shaped hemorrhages oriented perpendicular to the optic disc margin ( Figure 1 ).
What is the pathophysiology of disc hemorrhages associated with glaucoma?
Classically, disc hemorrhages associated with glaucoma are found mostly in the inferotemporal and superotemporal regions of the optic disc (Figure 2). The observation that disc hemorrhages occur in the area of the optic disc where glaucoma damage occurs supports a relationship between disc hemorrhages and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
What causes a disc hemorrhage in the eye?
Optic Disc Hemorrhage. The cause of disc hemorrhages has not been fully characterized, and mechanical and vascular hypotheses with evidence supporting both have been proposed. Although disc hemorrhages can occur in eyes with no signs of glaucoma, in glaucomatous eyes, disc hemorrhages are a risk factor for progression.
What is the prognosis of optic disc hemorrhage?
Figure 2. Inferotemporal disc hemorrhage of the left optic nerve head. Weekly photography has demonstrated that optic disc hemorrhages persist for 2 to 35 weeks and on average are present for about 11 weeks. A recurrent disc hemorrhage was observed in 64% of eyes, 92% of which occurred within 28 weeks of the prior hemorrhage.