What is stemflow in the water cycle?
Stemflow. Stemflow is precipitation that travels down the surface of stems to the soil.
Why is stemflow important?
Stemflow is an essential hydrologic process shaping the soil of forests by providing a concentrated input of rainwater and solutions.
What is throughfall and stemflow?
Throughfall is defined as the precipitation that passes directly through a canopy or is initially intercepted by aboveground vegetative surfaces and subsequently drips from the canopy, whereas stemflow is the precipitation that drains from outlying leaves and branches and is channeled to the bole (or stem) of plants.
How do you measure stemflow?
The common method of measuring stemflow involves affixing halved-tubing around the bole of a tree forming a ‘collar’ which then captures stemflow and routes it to a storage reservoir for subsequent measurement.
What affects stemflow?
Stemflow amount varies with canopy structure, intensity and duration of rainfall, and rainfall amount. It has been documented that stemflow increases with rainfall amount that exceeds the threshold value of stemflow generation. In that study, stemflow amount varied with canopy volume and stem diameter for one shrub, C.
What is the difference between throughflow and groundwater flow?
Water usually enters the surface sediments as precipitation. This water then percolates into the soil layer. Some of this water flows horizontally as throughflow. Water continuing to flow downward eventually reaches a permanent store of water known as the groundwater.
What is Throughfall in geography?
Throughfall is that portion of rainfall that reaches the soil or litter by falling through spaces in the canopy or by leaf drip.
What is Baseflow in geography?
The base flow is the water that reaches the channel through slow throughflow and permeable rock below the water table. As storm water enters the drainage basin the discharge rates increase. This is shown in the rising limb. The highest flow in the channel is known as the peak discharge.
What is Throughfall in the water cycle?
Throughfall is the precipitation that penetrates through the canopy and reaches the soil surface by canopy drip. The amount of water retained by the canopy is termed interception (Interception = Precipitation – [Throughfall + Stemflow]).
What is throughfall in precipitation?
Is throughfall an interception?
Is Baseflow same as groundwater?
Groundwater discharges into streams when the water table rises above the streambed. This process is often referred to as the base flow.
Is throughfall a flow?
13.1 Introduction. Under plant canopies, precipitation is redistributed to the soil at the base of their stems (via stemflow) and as a spatially variable drip flux (called throughfall).
What is a throughflow in geography?
Beneath the surface, water is transferred via throughflow, which is the movement of water through the lower soil towards rivers, and groundwater flow.
What is the difference between groundwater flow and throughflow?
This water then percolates into the soil layer. Some of this water flows horizontally as throughflow. Water continuing to flow downward eventually reaches a permanent store of water known as the groundwater. The movement of groundwater horizontally is called groundwater flow.