What is the basis for successful ion transfer in iontophoresis?
The basis of successful ion transfer lies in physics principle “like poles repel and unlike poles attract’. So, the ions are repelled into the skin by an identical charge on the electrode surface placed over it.
What are contraindications for iontophoresis?
Contraindications to iontophoresis include those related to direct electrical stimulation and from the therapeutic agent involved. Patients with a history of hypersensitivity or adverse reactions associated with the delivered drug in question should avoid iontophoresis of the offending agent.
Is cathode positive or negative in iontophoresis?
It is based on the principle that in a given electric field, positively charged drug ions (cations) are repelled by a positive electrode (anode) and are directed to the cathode (Figure 1). In turn, negative ions (anions, e.g., ketoprofen) being repelled by the negative electrode (cathode), follow the anode.
Is iontophoresis negative or positive?
The iontophoresis patch looks like a big adhesive bandage. It has a small internal battery that helps to push the medication through the skin. The patch has two absorbent drug pads, a positive and a negative pad.
What does acetic acid do in iontophoresis?
The transdermal iontophoresis with 4% acetic acid on the negative electrode is placed on the skin over the insertion of the Achilles tendon. The positive electrode is placed on the lateral leg. The iontophoresis theory states that the negatively charged electrode will repel negatively charged ions through tissue.
What are the ions used in iontophoresis?
Chlorine. Chlorine is a negatively charged ion used in iontophoresis in the treatment of scar tissue and keloid scars.
What drugs are used for iontophoresis?
According to related literature, the most important drugs studied or administered by iontophoresis are: Local anesthetics, opioids, steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, anticancer drugs, fluorides, and vitamins.
What is acetic acid iontophoresis?
What type of current is iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis uses direct current to drive medicinal ions locally into the skin and mucous membranes (Fig. 16.6). Ions of the medicinal compounds are absorbed subcutaneously. This absorption occurs slowly into the local soft tissue, while some is ultimately absorbed systemically.
Is acetic acid positive or negative?
Negative
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| Drug | Charge +/- | Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid | Negative | Calcium deposits |
| Chloride | Negative | Scar tissue |
| Dexamethasone | Negative | Inflammation-tendonitis/bursitis |
| Calcium | Positive | Muscle spasm/muscle dysfunction |
What is the principle of iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis is the application of an electrical current to promote transdermal drug delivery. The principle of iontophoresis is that low–amperage, direct monophasic electrical current will repel drug ions with the same charge into and through the skin to the inflamed structure.
What is the best explanation of iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis is a treatment for hyperhidrosis — or excessive sweating. It involves sending a gentle electrical current through water to shut down your sweat glands temporarily. If it works for you, you’ll have to keep doing the treatments to maintain the results.
What type of current is used in iontophoresis?
What is iontophoresis with dexamethasone?
Detailed Description: Iontophoresis is a treatment that allows medication to be delivered across your skin to the painful area without having to have an injection into your muscle or soft tissue, through a vein in your arm, or taking a pill.
What is the process of iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis is the process of passing a weak electrical current through the skin. Iontophoresis has a variety of uses in medicine. This article discusses the use of iontophoresis to decrease sweating by blocking sweat glands.
What voltage is iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis machines basically produce a voltage sufficient to drive a DC of 15-20 mA through the hands of patients.
Why is iontophoresis used?
Iontophoresis is a modality used by physical therapists to treat a wide variety of conditions, including bursitis, tendonitis/ tendinopathy, and to help manage scar tissue. It uses electrical stimulation to help administer medication into your body through the skin.
What is the depth of drug delivery with iontophoresis?
The depth of drug delivery with iontophoresis is 3mm to 20 mm. The bulk of the ion deposited are found directly at the site of the active electrode. The anode (+) produces an acid reaction, a weak hydrochloric acid, where as the cathode (-) produces a strong alkaline reaction, sodium hydroxide.
What are the results of iontophoresis?
A survey of tap water Iontophoresis showed a 33% improvement on the soles of feet and 37.5% in the armpits after 14 days. This then went up to 78% for soles and 75% for armpits in the next 20 days. Iontophoresis is generally a safe procedure.
Does iontophoresis promote transdermal drug penetration through the skin?
The primary route of ion transport across the skin is thought to be through the skin pores and the hair follicles. however more recent studies suggest that, iontophoresis may promote transdermal drug penetration, primarily by increasing the permeability of the stratum corneum, the main barrier to transdermal drug uptake.
What is the difference between electroporation and intramolecular iontophoresis?
Iontophoresis is more usually used to deliver hydrophobic low-molecular-weight drugs, whereas electroporation appears more effective for the delivery of some macromolecules such as antisense oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins.