What is the electrophile in nitration of chlorobenzene?
The mechanism for nitration of benzene Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion.
What type of mechanism is the nitration of benzene?
electrophilic substitution – the nitration of benzene. This page gives you the facts and a simple, uncluttered mechanism for the electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid.
What is electrophile in nitration?
Electrophile used in the nitration of benzene is nitronium ion NO2+. It is obtained from the reaction between nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
How is the electrophile generated in the nitration of benzene?
The arenium ion loses a proton and forms nitrobenzene. Hence, the generation of electrophile in nitration of benzene takes place by protonation of nitric acid with the help of sulphuric acid. The arenium ion is the resonance stabilized carbocation which forms during the electrophilic substitution in an aromatic ring.
What is electrophilic substitution reaction discuss the mechanism of nitration of benzene?
Benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. It is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. One hydrogen atom of benzene ring is replaced with nitro group. Nitric acid reacts with sulphuric acid to form nitronium ions.
What is electrophilic nitration?
The nitration of benzene is an aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attacked by a benzene ring and hydrogen from the ring gets substituted by a nitro group to produce nitrobenzene. The mechanism involved is as follows: Step (1) – Generation of electrophile.
What is electrophilic substitution reaction explain nitration of benzene?
What are electrophilic substitution reaction explain its mechanism with an example of aryl halide?
Thus, electrophilic substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which an electrophile substitutes another electrophile in an organic compound. Aryl halide undergoes the usual electrophilic reactions of the benzene ring such as halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reactions.
How the electrophile is generated?
1. An electrophile — an electron‐seeking reagent — is generated. For the bromination of benzene reaction, the electrophile is the Br+ ion generated by the reaction of the bromine molecule with ferric bromide, a Lewis acid.
How electrophile is generated in nitration reaction?
What do you understand by nitration explain the mechanism of nitration of benzene?
The nitration of benzene Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C.
Which acts as electrophile in nitration?
The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO+2. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.
What is meant by electrophilic substitution reaction explain the mechanism of nitration of benzene?
The mechanism for nitration of benzene: Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion.
What is the nitration mechanism of benzene?
If you want the nitration mechanism explained to you in detail, there is a link at the bottom of the page. The electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and nitric acid. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C.
What is the relation between chlorobenzene concentration and activity of nitric acid?
the chlorobenzene concentration and activity of nitric acid. The existence of linear correlations between with nitric acid monohydrate. Increase in the energy of activation with rise in water concentration is explained by increase of H for equilibrium formation of nitronium ion. benzene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids [1].
What is the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of chlorobenzene?
The nitration of chlorobenzene is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Chlorine is a deactivating group, but in spite of that, it is still an ortho and para directing group (deactivating groups are usually meta directors). This is mainly due to the electronegativity of the chlorine atom.
What is the electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and nitric acid?
The electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and nitric acid The facts Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. As temperature increases there is a greater chance of getting more than one nitro group, -NO2, substituted onto the ring.