What is the principle used in dengue NS1?
PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST The Dengue NS1 DetectTM Rapid Test is a qualitative, membrane based immunoassay for the detection of NS1 antigen in human serum. The rapid test membrane is pre-coated with a NS1 specific antibody on the test line region and utilizes a separate control to assure assay flow and performance.
Does NS1 positive means dengue?
NS1 Ag assay is useful, sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of dengue infection, especially during the acute phase when antibodies are not detectable and the dengue serology was negative. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can reduce the mortality due to severe dengue infection.
When should NS1 test be done?
Avinash Phadke Labs, “The NS1 test should be taken on the very first day of the fever striking. It holds relevance after 24 hours also, but ideally should be taken within 24 hours.”
How does the West Nile virus function?
West Nile virus can cause a fatal neurological disease in humans. However, approximately 80% of people who are infected will not show any symptoms. West Nile virus is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The virus can cause severe disease and death in horses.
How does influenza exit the cell?
After the vRNPs have left the nucleus, all that is left for the virus to do is form viral particles and leave the cell. Since influenza is an enveloped virus, it uses the host cell’s plasma membrane to form the viral particles that leave the cell and go on to infect neighbouring cells.
How is NS1 positive treated?
The NS1 antigen test is the most effective for early diagnosis of dengue infection. The main focus of treatment is to ensure that the patient gets adequate hydration. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is used to manage the fever. If the symptoms are treated properly, the patient should recover in around two weeks.
What is the function of the NS proteins in the lifecycle of WNV?
NS1 protein functions as a cofactor for viral RNA replication and is the only nonstructural protein that is secreted in high levels (up to 50 μg/ml) in the serum of WNV infected patients and has been connected with severe disease [19].
What are the 4 steps of viral replication?
Entry, the first step of virus infection, involves the recognition of viral receptor by a virus particle. The viral entry can be divided into four steps: attachment, penetration, cytoplasmic trafficking, and uncoating.
How long does dengue NS1 antigen take to cure?
How does WNV reproduce?
West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Flaviviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and modify the host cell environment.
What are mild symptoms of West Nile virus?
Most people (8 out of 10) infected with West Nile virus do not develop any symptoms. Febrile illness (fever) in some people. About 1 in 5 people who are infected develop a fever with other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash.
How is West Nile virus diagnosed?
Laboratory diagnosis is generally accomplished by testing of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect WNV-specific IgM antibodies. Immunoassays for WNV-specific IgM are available commercially and through state public health laboratories.
When are NS1 tests indicated in the workup of dengue?
After day 7, NS1 tests are not recommended. A positive NS1 test result is indicative of a dengue infection but does not provide serotype information. Knowing the serotype of the infecting virus is not necessary for patient care; however, if serotype information is needed for surveillance purposes, the sample should be tested by NAT.
What does a negative NS1 test result mean?
Interpretation of results A positive NS1 test result confirms dengue virus infection without providing serotype information. A negative NS1 test result does not rule out infection. People with negative NS1 results should be tested for the presence of dengue IgM antibodies to determine possible recent dengue exposure.
How does dengue virus (NS1) cause hyperpermeability?
Puerta-Guardo H, Glasner DR, Harris E. Dengue virus NS1 disrupts the endothelial glycocalyx, leading to hyperpermeability. PLoS Pathog2016; 12:e1005738.
What does it mean if my dengue test is negative?
The negative test results indicate that the antigen has not been detected whereas a positive result indicates the presence of dengue. Results can come negative if the specimen was collected after 7 days following the symptom onset. What do the results mean?