What are the different types of ointment bases?
There are three major types of ointment bases: oleaginous (greasy) bases, which are water repellent; water-absorbing bases, which are greasy but allow absorption of water, and water-miscible bases (vanishing creams or water-soluble bases).
What is ointment and its types?
Ointments (also called salves or unguents) are semisolid preparations applied to the skin, eyes, and mucus membranes that usually have an oily or greasy consistency and can feel “stiff” when applied to the skin.
What is ointment Wikipedia?
ointments – consist of a single-phase in which solids or liquids may be dispersed. There are hydrophobic, water-emulsifying, and hydrophilic ointments. creams – consist of a lipophilic phase and an aqueous phase. There are lipophilic (W/O) and hydrophilic (O/W) creams, depending on the continuous phase.
What is topical ointment base?
Typical ointment bases comprise petrolatum and mineral oil, or petrolatum and waxy/fatty alcohol combinations, the ratio and grades of these components being selected to give the desired finished product viscosity/spreadability. Proprietary ointment bases are also available (e.g., Ointment Base No.
How do I choose an ointment base?
A. Many factors determine the choice of an ointment base. These include the action desired, the nature of the medication to be incorporated and its bioavailability and stability, and the desired shelf life of the finished product (1).
What is ointment in pharmacy?
Ointments are preparations for external use, intended for application to the skin. Typically, they have an oily or greasy consistency and can appear “stiff” as they are applied to the skin.
How do you make an ointment base?
Method: Sublimed sulphur is sieved through no. 180 sieves. Then sublimed sulphur is triturated with a small amount of simple ointment. Then the remaining amount of simple ointment is added and the mixture is levigated until a smooth and homogenous mass is obtained.
What are topical ointments?
Topical medications are medications applied onto the body to treat various ailments. Most commonly, a topical drug delivery system is applied to the skin, where the medicine either treats only the area of application or is absorbed into the bloodstream through the dermis.
What are the properties of an ideal ointment base?
Characteristics of an ideal ointment 1) It should be physically and chemically stable. 2) In ointment base, finely divided active ingredients should be uniformly distributed. 3) The base of ointment should not possess any therapeutic action. 4) The ointment should be smooth and free from grittiness.
What are advantages of ointment?
Ointments have the advantage of allowing the incorporation of drugs with poor water solubility, reducing nasolacrimal drainage and minimization of tear dilution. White petrolatum and liquid petrolatum are commonly used as bases for ophthalmic preparations.
What are the properties of ointments?
Ointments are viscous, unctuous, semisolid preparations containing either dissolved or suspended functional ingredients. The ointment base needs to be heated to above its melting temperature prior to the addition of the other ingredients.
What is ointment made of?
Typical ointment bases comprise petrolatum and mineral oil, or petrolatum and waxy/fatty alcohol combinations, the ratio and grades of these components being selected to give the desired finished product viscosity/spreadability.
What is ointment made from?
Ointments consist of any one or a combination of hydrocarbons, mineral oils, lanolin and polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, carbopol and methylcellulose.
What are ointments made of?
Ointments. Of all skin products, ointments contain the most oil. They stay on top of your skin rather than being absorbed right away, which offers more protection against moisture loss and the elements, like cold or dry air. Common ingredients found in ointments include mineral oil and petroleum.
How is an ointment made?
In the pharmaceutical industry, ointments are manufactured by melting oil and aqueous phases in two separate jacketed vessels with agitators for proper mixing. The two phases are transferred to the main ointment vessel through valves and pipes. The additional stirrers in the main vessel provide agitation (1).
What are the ingredients of ointment?
The different types of ointment bases are: Hydrocarbon bases, e.g. hard paraffin, soft paraffin, microcrystalline wax and ceresine. Absorption bases, e.g. wool fat, beeswax. Water-soluble bases, e.g. macrogols 200, 300, 400. Emulsifying bases, e.g. emulsifying wax, cetrimide.
What is the vehicle of an ointment?
The vehicle of an ointment is known as the ointment base. The choice of a base depends upon the clinical indication for the ointment. The different types of ointment bases are: The medicaments are dispersed in the base and are divided after penetrating the living cells of the skin.
What is an ointment?
An ointment is a homogeneous, viscous, semi-solid preparation, most commonly a greasy, thick oil (oil 80% – water 20%) with a high viscosity, that is intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Ointments have a water number that defines the maximum amount of water that it can contain.
What base is used in anal ointment?
RECTAL OINTMENTS These are the ointments to be applied to the peri- anal or within the anal canal. The bases used are combinations of PEG 300 and PEG 3350, cetyl alcohol and cetyl esters, wax, liquid paraffin and white paraffin. Example: Benzocaine ointment.