What does a sonic log tell you?
The sonic or acoustic log measures the travel time of an elastic wave through the formation. This information can also be used to derive the velocity of elastic waves through the formation. Its main use is to provide information to support and calibrate seismic data and to derive the porosity of a formation. velocity).
How does a sonic log work?
Sonic logs rely on the properties inherent in Snell’s Law to propagate sound from a logging tool through the rock to receivers located on the same logging tool. Sonic logs require a fluid filled borehole to operate properly. Modern logs can make most measurements in both open and cased holes.
What is sonic log in geophysics?
Acoustic-velocity logs, also called sonic logs or transit-time logs, are a record of the travel time of an acoustic wave from one or more transmitters to receivers in the probe.
What is porosity log?
The “Porosity” logs. There are three types of logging tools that are used to estimate the amount of pore space in a rock: the neutron, density, and acoustic velocity (or sonic) tool.
What is the unit for sonic log?
microsecond per foot
The sonic log records transit time, the time required for sound to travel a distance of 1 ft through the for- mation. The unit of measurement is the microsecond per foot. Transit times vary from 40 microseconds!
How do you read a porosity log?
To obtain porosity, read the value directly from the log. If the log is recorded in limestone units and the formation you wish to evaluate is sandstone or dolomite, then correct the log value by using the appropriate chart in a log interpretation chartbook.
What is the unit of porosity?
Porosity is also known as “pore space.” The weight of an individual soil particle per unit volume. Particle density is usually expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm2).
How do you calculate porosity?
There are two basic equations used to calculate porosity. The first equation uses the total volume and the volume of the void. Porosity = (Volume of Voids / Total Volume) x 100%. The second equation uses the total volume and the volume of the solid.
What type of porosity is 4c hair?
Most 4c hair is super low porosity hair.
What has the highest porosity?
Clay is the most porous sediment but is the least permeable. Clay usually acts as an aquitard, impeding the flow of water. Gravel and sand are both porous and permeable, making them good aquifer materials. Gravel has the highest permeability.
What are the types of porosity?
Seven porosity types (interparticle, intraparticle, intercrystal, moldic, fenestral, fracture, and vugs) are common and volumetrically important.
Is high porosity hair good?
The bottom line. If you have high porosity hair, water and oils can be easily absorbed, but your hair will have a hard time retaining that moisture. This can lead to hair that’s dry, frizzy, and prone to tangles and breakage.
Is clay’s porosity higher than silt?
Sand is the largest mineral particle and it has more pore space between its particles than silt or clay. Silt particles are smaller than sand, but larger than clay particles. Likewise, there is less pore space between silt particles than between sand particles, but more than between clay particles.
What porosity is 4c hair?
4c hair is almost exclusively super low porosity. Most 4c hair is super low porosity hair.
Is Type 4 hair high porosity?
For Type 4 high porosity hair, you can use a cleansing conditioner in between shampoo days to cleanse yet moisturize the hair. Just be sure to use shampoo biweekly at the most.