What is microarray based gene expression?
A microarray is a laboratory tool used to detect the expression of thousands of genes at the same time. DNA microarrays are microscope slides that are printed with thousands of tiny spots in defined positions, with each spot containing a known DNA sequence or gene.
What is microarray analysis used for?
Initially designed to measure gene transcriptional levels, microarray technologies are now used for comparing other genome features among individuals and their tissues and cells. Results provide valuable information on disease subcategories, disease prognosis, and treatment outcome.
What is gene expression profiling used for?
Why use gene expression profiling? Gene expression profiling enables you to investigate the effects of different conditions on gene expression by altering the environment to which the cell is exposed, and determining which genes are expressed.
How is DNA microarray technology used to determine the differences in gene expression?
What do DNA microarrays measure? the difference between gene expression in samples. This is interpreted by taking the colors represented in the slide and comparing them to ratios of gene expression, which are then used in order to provide numerical data about the compared genes.
How could gene expression microarrays be used to find a successful drug?
DNA microarrays can be used to measure the expression patterns of thousands of genes in parallel, generating clues to gene function that can help to identify appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention. They can also be used to monitor changes in gene expression in response to drug treatments.
Is PCR used in microarray?
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used validation tool for confirming gene expression results obtained from microarray analysis; however, microarray and qPCR data often result in disagreement.
Why is DNA microarray an important tool?
2.4. DNA microarray is an effective tool in transcriptomics that helps us in studying and analyzing the mRNA expression of almost every gene present in an organism. With the availability of whole-genome sequencing of microorganisms, it has now become possible to identify the genes with potential for bioremediation.
Is DNA microarray the same as Genechip?
The traditional solid-phase array is a collection of orderly microscopic “spots”, called features, each with thousands of identical and specific probes attached to a solid surface, such as glass, plastic or silicon biochip (commonly known as a genome chip, DNA chip or gene array).
Why is studying gene expression important?
Because many genes are coregulated, studying gene expression across the whole genome via microarrays or massively parallel sequencing allows investigators to see which groups of genes are coregulated during differentiation, cancer, and other states and processes.
What is the most significant reason to choose microarray over gene sequencing?
Microarrays are generally considered easier to use with less complicated and less labor-intensive sample preparation than NGS. The same goes for data analysis. While there are still many tools for data analysts to choose from, a general consensus has emerged on the major methods for processing the data.
How is a DNA microarray performed?
Microarrays evolved from a technique known as Southern blotting, where DNA fragments are attached to a substrate and then probed with a known gene sequence. The first DNA arrays were constructed by immobilizing cDNAs onto filter paper.
Where are DNA microarrays used?
Today, DNA microarrays are used in clinical diagnostic tests for some diseases. Sometimes they are also used to determine which drugs might be best prescribed for particular individuals, because genes determine how our bodies handle the chemistry related to those drugs.