What does thymic sail sign mean?
The thymic sail sign represents a triangular-shaped inferior margin of the normal thymus seen on a neonatal frontal chest radiograph. It is more commonly seen on the right side, but can also be bilateral. It is seen in 3-15% of all cases.
Is thymic sail sign normal?
The thymic sail sign is a normal finding in infants and should not be confused with the “spinnaker-sail sign” where the thymic lobe shadow is laterally and superiorly displaced due to pneumomediastinum, as though an actual boat sail blown by strong wind [1].
What is sail sign on Chest xray?
On a chest X-ray, the sail sign is a radiologic sign that suggests left lower lobe collapse. In children, however, a sail sign could be normal, reflecting the shadow of the thymus.
Whats a sail sign?
The fat pad sign, also known as the sail sign, is a potential finding on elbow radiography which suggests a fracture of one or more bones at the elbow. It is may indicate an occult fracture that is not directly visible.
What is spinnaker sail sign?
pneumomediastinum
The spinnaker sign (also known as the angel wing sign) is a sign of pneumomediastinum seen on neonatal chest radiographs. It refers to the thymus being outlined by air with each lobe displaced laterally and appearing like spinnaker sails. This is distinct from the sail sign appearance of the normal thymus 1,2.
Can pneumomediastinum cause pneumothorax?
Other complications of pneumomediastinum include extensive subcutaneous emphysema or pneumothorax, which usually require minor interventions, such as skin incisions and chest tube drainage.
What is Hampton hump?
Hampton’s hump is a radiological sign consisting of a peripheral, wedge-shaped opacification adjacent to the pleural surface, which represents pulmonary infarction distal to a pulmonary embolus.
What is a positive fat pad sign?
An elevated anterior lucency and/or a visible posterior lucency on a true lateral radiograph of an elbow flexed at 90° is described as a positive fat pad sign (,Fig 1).
What is posterior fat pad sign?
The posterior fat pad sign is the visualization of a lucent crescent of fat located in the olecranon fossa on a true lateral view of an elbow joint with the elbow flexed at a right angle indicating an elbow joint effusion. Normally, the posterior fat pad will not be seen in this view.
What causes thymic shadow?
An absent thymic shadow can be caused by a variety of factors including underlying immunodeficiency, normal stress-induced involution, or technical artifact and a normal appearing thymic shadow does not rule out immunodeficiency.
At what age does thymus involute?
In males, a precipitous drop in thymic cellularity occurs from 1 to 3 months of age followed by a lower slope of involution from 3 to 7 months old. The greatest difference in thymic cellularity between the sexes that occurs during involution is most notable around 3 months of age (Fig.
What do Kerley B lines indicate?
Kerley B lines (arrows) are horizontal lines in the lung periphery that extend to the pleural surface. They denote thickened, edematous interlobular septa often due to pulmonary edema.
What is a fat pad?
What are fat pads? Fat pads are areas of closely packed, subcutaneous fat cells. As well as being found on the face, they are also present in other parts of the body. For example, they are the squidgy bits under the balls of your feet and your heels.
What is the significance of the Radiocapitellar line?
Background: The radiocapitellar line (RCL) is a routinely referenced radiographic measurement for evaluating injury of the pediatric elbow, such as a Monteggia fracture. It is most commonly described as a line drawn along the radius that should intercept the center of the capitellum in a normal elbow.
What causes gunstock deformity?
Cubitus varus or bow elbow or gunstock deformity is the result of malunion occurring as a complication of supracondylar fracture of the humerus. It occurs in only the extension type of supracondylar fracture of the humerus, causing a reduction or loss of the carrying angle.
How is pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium difference?
A large amount of air is seen on both sides of the thin pericardium and below the heart with a small amount of air tracking along the soft tissues of the neck. The air within the pericardial space indicates the pneumopericardium while that outside indicates the pneumomediastinum.